Lincoln's first known ancestor in America was Samuel Lincoln, who migrated from Hingham, England to Hingham, Massachusetts, in 1637. Thomas Lincoln, father of Abraham Lincoln He was elected president of the United States on November 6, 1860. In addition to his law career, Lincoln continued his involvement in politics, serving in the United States House of Representatives from Illinois in 1846. In November 1842, Lincoln married Mary Todd the couple had four sons. He was elected to the Illinois Legislature in 1834, and was reelected in 1836, 1838, 18. Lincoln settled in the village of New Salem where he worked as a boatman, store clerk, surveyor, and militia soldier during the Black Hawk War, and became a lawyer in Illinois. After helping his father establish a farm in Macon County, Illinois, Lincoln set out on his own in the spring of 1831. In March 1830, 21-year-old Lincoln joined his extended family in a move to Illinois.

A second tragedy befell the family in January 1828, when Sarah Lincoln Grigsby, Abraham's sister, died in childbirth. Lincoln's new stepmother and her three children joined the Lincoln family in Indiana in late 1819. Thomas Lincoln returned to Elizabethtown, Kentucky late the following year and married Sarah Bush Johnston on December 2, 1819. In October 1818, two years after their arrival in Indiana, nine-year-old Lincoln lost his birth mother, Nancy, who died after a brief illness known as milk sickness. However, Lincoln continued to learn on his own from life experiences, and through reading and reciting what he had read or heard from others. As was common on the frontier, Lincoln received a meager formal education, the accumulation of just under twelve months.

Lincoln spent his formative years, from the age of 7 to 21, on the family farm in the Little Pigeon Creek community of Spencer County, in Southwestern Indiana. (Their land became part of Spencer County, Indiana, when it was formed in 1818.) In 1816, Thomas and Nancy Lincoln, their nine-year-old daughter Sarah, and seven-year-old Abraham moved to what became Indiana, where they settled in Hurricane Township, Perry County, Indiana. By 1814, Thomas Lincoln, Abraham's father, had lost most of his land in Kentucky in legal disputes over land titles. After a land title dispute forced the family to leave in 1811, they relocated to Knob Creek farm, eight miles to the north.

His siblings were Sarah Lincoln Grigsby and Thomas Lincoln, Jr. Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, in a one-room log cabin on the Sinking Spring farm, south of Hodgenville in Hardin County, Kentucky.

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